Legalization of Marijuana: Should be Approved? Essay

American people have debated over the legalization of marijuana for many years. This discussion is an example of how the united states have struggled to reach an agreement about the use of marijuana. In recent year’s drug policy have been increasingly challenged, especially in America. In the United States a group of nearly twenty states has allowed the medical use of marijuana, even though neither the federal government nor the United Nations Convention recognize that marijuana has medical uses. In the election of November 2012, Washington State passed a referendum, and Colorado an amendment to its Constitution, which allow the recreational use of marijuana. A result of the legalization of recreational use in Denver, Colorado, have entered more than $ 1.2 million with a mechanism for maximum sales per consumer than an ounce profit status, worth $ 200, a strategy that is used to regulate the individual consumption. For instance, according to Jacob Sullum (2013), author of The Cannabis Is Out Of The bag, â€Å"People 21 or older already are allowed to possess up to an ounce of marijuana.† Nowadays Marijuana users in the United States may finally, starting this January 1, legally have it for recreational purposes in two states in the West, Washington and Colorado. Probably the most controversial news until today is that many companies would begin to distribute marijuana in vending machines as if they were sodas this will be addressed to the public who use marijuana for medical purposes, a patient with a serious medical condition that approaches a vending machine to get a dose of marijuana to cope better with certain symptoms of their disease or treatment is an increasingly common act thanks to the progress achieved by the automatic distribution. But you can still go further. Hence Smart Ventures, a company that invests in mining projects in medical marijuana and playful side, has signed an agreement with Mobile Vending, dedicated to developing mobile technology for control of vending .The objective of this joint venture is to expand and renovate the distribution process with the latest equipment and advanced techniques of identification in order to cash in on the recent legalization of marijuana  and the resulting high demand in the state of Colorado. Both formulas will drive new technology payments and cashless biometric identification methods, either through credit cards, electronic wallets and mobile payment. The new company is called Cannabis Funding Group, Inc. and is now a subsidiary of activity as Smart Ventures. One person who is clearly opposed to medical marijuana is Scott M, Arden. He suggests that there is no incentive to fund clinical trials nor advocate the use of marijuana for medical purposes. he expressed her views in the article †Å"Clinician Reviews† journal. For instance, he says, The negative side effects of medical marijuana pale in comparison to the laundry list associated with numerous prescription drugs that are FDA approved—not to mention tobacco and alcohol, much more addictive products on the market that possess no medicinal value, only detrimental. Additionally, currently available pain medications have been proven highly addictive, and their use and proliferation have led to an epidemic of chemical dependence and related crime. If the big players in the industry had significant potential gains from medical marijuana, it would have been legalized at the federal level years ago. What Scott M. Arden is saying is that it makes no sense the idea of medical marijuana. So, obviously that it will be the same as with the other drugs on the market that are addictive. There are some people who think that more states should legalize at least medical marijuana for the people who really need it. One of the strong supporters of medical marijuana is Karen Bender. She is sure that with additional research medical marijuana may benefit many people. In fact, she says, â€Å"Medical marijuana, like prescribed drugs, may benefit people with MS†. What bender means is that, if the American government is willing to continue prohibiting medical marijuana, American people would never know if is the right thing to do. It is simply means that laboratories and people specialized in the field of medical marijuana should do more research to determine the good things about it and the bad things and how will affect society. Second, another controversial reason to support or oppose legalization of marijuana is based in the economics of execution. Legalizing marijuana will save the government $ 41.3 billion a year in law-enforcement and generate $ 46.7 billion in tax according to The Libertarian Cato Institute but Chris Kennedy a spokesman of the journal â€Å"NEWSWEEK† tells that â€Å"all of our scholars definitely support an end to drug  prohibition.† He thinks that instead of prohibiting marijuana government should legalized it, according to The Libertarian Cato Institute. It is simply means that legalizing marijuana is the best thing to do for economic reasons, that’s why there’s so many controver sy in the economic execution, too much money involved. There are not many people, who support the legalization of marijuana, mostly because they think is not going to help American economy. Most people care about the national security because of terrorists and drug dealers. One person who clearly opposes legalization of marijuana is Pat Buchanan, an advisor to presidents Nixon, Ford, and Reagan , he sure believes American people is financing terrorists and drug dealers. He expressed his opinion in â€Å"NEWSWEEK† journal. For instance, he says, How does one win a drug war when millions of Americans who use recreational drugs are financing the cartels bribing, murdering, and beheading to win the war and keep self-indulgent Americans supplied with drugs? There are two sure ways to end this war swiftly. Milton’s way and Mao’s way. Mao Zedong’s communists killed users and suppliers alike, as social parasites. Milton Friedman’s way is to decriminalize drugs and call off the war. What Buchanan is really talki ng about is that most Americans are supporting and financing the cartels, and that Americans are arguing at the same time for the security when they are the cause of drug cartels having power, that’s why criminals continue enriching illicitly. There are not that many politicians who support the legalization of marijuana. One politician who supports the legalization of marijuana is Tom Tancredo who was running for governor of Colorado on the constitution party ticket. He declares that marijuana should be (Legalize it. Regulate it. Tax it) He expressed his opinion in â€Å"NEWSWEEK† journal. For instance, he says, With regard to marijuana, I have no plans to push for its legalization. I simply believe that taking money away from the drug cartels, taking the incentive out of pushing marijuana to kids by imposing the most serious penalties possible on those who do so, focusing our resources on stopping illegal aliens and hard drugs from entering the country, and reducing t he corruption now eating away at our law-enforcement establishment has merit and deserves to be debated. Another main argument has to deal with the Mexican border. There is another politician who supports the legalization of marijuana. It’s Grover Norquist, president of Americas for tax reform, he declares that the legalization of marijuana will  end with drug cartels. For instance, he says, First, there is the mess that is Mexico. Narcoterrorism is made possible by our drug prohibition in the U.S. Then there is the cost of incarceration, Proposition 19 has the opportunity to be the domino that could bring about rational drug policy nationwide. What Norquist is really taking about is that next vote in California for or against Proposition 19, which seeks to legalize the use, distribution and sale of marijuana has led, in the United States and Mexico, a debate on the legalization of drugs. Proposition 19 also plans to allow the cultivation of marijuana by adults in an area not exceeding 25 square feet in their homes and allowed local governments to regulate and collect taxes on commercial production and distribution of the drug. The Uni ted Nations (UN) estimates that one third of the cannabis consumed in the U.S. is produced domestically. Under the new laws of legalization, marijuana stores should produce their own cannabis, and will take several months for some power to make its first crop of recreational marijuana. $ 600 million annual leave year the sale of marijuana in Colorado. A study by Colorado State University estimated that the market for legal marijuana state will be about 600 million dollars annually and generate about $ 130 million in new taxes. The study also estimated that Colorado residents consume about 100 grams of marijuana per capita annually, under the new rules. One person who clearly declares that combating drugs is not the way to solve all problems related with drugs as violence, is James A. Inciardi, a director of the center for drug and alcohol studies. He expressed his views in the book, The Drug Legalization Debate. For instance, he says, â€Å"War on Drugs† is not the answers to the many problems of drug abuse in this country. I reach this conclusion by observing that during the entire time the country has been at war against drugs there has been no attempt in any administration to place the federal agencies and the American people on a wartime status. There are several characteristics of a country at war that have not been met. Although it is very obvious for most people, Legalization is not a magic formula to end violence, it may resolve other serious problems in the country but it is a necessary step in the right direction for a new paradigm that means more security. Marijuana it’s not the illegal drug that leaves more profit, but it is the most trafficked and consumed in the world. The blow to organized crime by removing these revenues vary, according to estimates, 15% to 60% of  the â€Å"profits† of t he drug. The opinion of the people in this area is very diverse, from which there are radically opposed to it until its legalization there are supporters unconditionally. These views depend on many factors, such as age, as the person it’s older the more is opposed to the legalization of these substances, another factor that determines a lot is its political ideology. The people on the left political side tend to approve the legalization of these drugs and the right side tends to reject it, it also depends on the sex gender, men usually supports more its legalization. Also people are influenced by the fact that they tried the drug before. Most of the people who have tried the drug before tend to support the legalization of marijuana. Legalizing cannabis would have the advantage that we can all imagine, a greater product quality, if we smoke or use marijuana as this should not be adulterated because going through some health checks, a much lower cost, as there would be many intermediaries as there are now and also end with the black market and drug trafficking networks. While many of these benefits would not be such, because, for example the black market and drug trafficking networks would not disappear, but still try to sell the cheapest product to make the competition to the government. The failure of prohibitionist and punitive strategy against illicit drugs, we still see an overview of production and consumption worse than in the beginning. It is necessary to create useful tools to combat drug use, which must be accompanied by a more flexible-but not libertarian-use and production perspective. Works cited Conant, Eve. â€Å"Pot and the GOP.† Newsweek 1 Nov. 2010: Academic OneFile. Web. 22 Mar. 2014. Sullum, Jacob. â€Å"The Cannabis Is Out Of The Bag: Why Prohibitionists Have an Interest in Allowing Marijuana Legalization.† Reason Aug.-Sept. 2013: 12. Academic OneFile. Web. 24 Mar. 2014. Arden, Scott M., and Meg Helgert. â€Å"Opposing Views of Medical Marijuana.† Clinician Reviews Apr. 2011: 2. Academic OneFile. Web. 22 Mar. 2014. Bender, Karen. â€Å"More Support for Medicinal Marijuana.† Momentum Spring 2011: Academic OneFile. Web. 22 Mar. 2014. Inciardi, James A. The Drug Legalization Debate. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1991. Print.

Notes: A Long Way Gone †Ishmael Beah Essay

Chapter 2 notes The imagery in this chapter is a jarring contrast to chapter one when Ishmael played music and went to school and had a loving family. It is filled with memories and dream imagery that are horrifying to both Ishmael and the reader. Chapter 3 notes This chapter is filled with contrasts, especially the days of peace versus the days of war. There is also the contrast of Ishmael cooking dinner as gunshots ring out throughout the town. There is the contrast of people running for their lives over the bodies of those who have fallen. Finally, there is the contrast of a town filled with sounds of life and one filled with fear and death. Ishmael, Junior and the other boys are now officially on the run. Chapter 4 notes This chapter reveals six boys in a desperate condition. They are starving and there is no food anywhere. Because this is the situation when war exists, the boys begin to adapt to their new lives by becoming what they might never have become before. They steal and they never stop to help others for it might mean the loss of their own lives. Chapter 5 notes The boys are finally captured and are nearly killed. Once again, new gunfire saves them and they run for their lives. These near misses make the reader feel like the boys are on borrowed time. Eventually, they will be captured for good or die. It seems inevitable. The idea that they have been awakened from a nightmare or a dream is very poignant. These are just young boys who have been forced by circumstances beyond their control to learn survival tactics when only days before they were growing up together and singing the rap music they loved. Chapter 6 notes This chapter is somewhat of a contrast to the violence of the war. Life continues to go on in the village of Kamator where Ishmael is reminded of life in his own village and how much his brother Junior loved him and cared for him. They were motherless misfits there, and now they are motherless misfits once again. Chapter 7 notes Ishmael is alone because he ran in the other direction from the village therefore making wind up all alone. Chapter 8 notes Ishmael is lonely and is not trusted by anyone and this just reinforces his loneliness and sadness. Chapter 9 notes It seems as if in some ways, the boys lead charmed lives and in others, they face nothing but adversity. They see the beauty of the ocean, only to be forced to walk on sand so hot it burns their feet terribly. They are cared for by a good, decent fisherman, only to be captured by villagers who fear them and want to kill them. Then, unbelievably, the cassette tapes save their lives once more. However, in the end, they desperately need the blessings the fisherman’s mother offered them. Chapter 10 notes In this chapter Ishmael meets some old school friends (Musa, Kanei, Alhaji, Jumah, Saidu and Moriba) in a village which makes Ishmael relieved. The gang find a dead crow and a couple decide to eat it since they are extremely hungry while the others decide not to. Saidu who is one of the ones that ate the crow predicts his own death and it comes true. They then come across an odd village with just one big house Ishmael even as he feels happiness as he learns that his family is to be found in the next village. Chapter 11 notes The most poignant aspect of this chapter is the irony of Ishmael finding his family only to lose them once more before he even can see them or say goodbye. His ability to escape capture by the rebels again is almost like the literary deus ex machina (god by way of a machine), a literary device that almost seems contrived. It makes the reader wonder when Ishmael’s luck will run out. Chapter 12 notes This chapter is full of ironies. First, the boys arrive in a village, which seems to be acting normally and living life as they always have. The soldiers are there to protect the village, but the truth is the rebels are greater in number and heading their way. The new army is made up of boys, some as young as seven.

Importance of Louisiana Purchase to America

Louisiana Purchase was a historical land purchase agreement signed between former America President Thomas Jefferson and French ruler Napoleon Bonaparte, which transferred the French territory of Louisiane to the American republic. France wanted the presence of a growing power- America, to give stiff resistance to the British, while America wanted to get rid of Spanish and French control in its trade route along the Mississippi river. It was evident that the Louisiana Purchase would have a strong social, economic and political importance to the American republic and its future.DiscussionLouisiana Purchase of 1803 transferred the land from erstwhile French possession to the contemporary American federation, and this piece of land now comprises fifteen American states, namely, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Kansas, Iowa, and Nebraska, Minnesota, South Dakota, North Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, and Louisiana (â€Å"The Louisiana Purchase, 1803†). When the se fifteen states were incorporated into the American union, the new amalgamation was, predominantly, a white majority union with white landowners, who used slaves for performing various occupations.In the early years of its formation, voting was reserved only for those who paid taxes, and only those while males having ownership of property could hold public offices (â€Å"The Louisiana Purchase, 1803†). With a large influx of immigrants to this region of maritime importance, a multicultural society was soon flourishing as different ethnic groups started settling there. Since the newly formed states from Louisiana Purchase were bordered along the Mississippi river, America got a free access to trade both within the country and to the continental Europe.This major political development boosted the economy of the American region. Moreover, the vast stretch of fertile land in the prairie states of North Dakota, South Dakota as well as Kansas, facilitated the growth of revenue fr om agriculture. Also, the inclusion of the state of Texas gave America a rich source of oilfields. In 1920, one of the Texan oilfields produced 50 million barrels (â€Å"Oilfields in Texas†). With a history of territorial wars, slavery, and gradual evolution of democracy, this amalgamation of fifteen states has given famous Presidents to the American republic.Some of the former American Presidents, namely, Bill Clinton, Herbert Hoover, Harry Truman, Gerald Ford, Dwight Eisenhower, Lyndon Johnson, and George Bush were born on the erstwhile land, which was acquired under the Louisiana Purchase agreement. Conclusion With the acquisition of land under the Louisiana Purchase accord, the American republic witnessed social, economic and political changes that impacted its development significantly.

Creating a Negotiation Simulation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Creating a Negotiation Simulation - Term Paper Example All parties will enter the negotiation with the understanding that the problematic coworker is disliked and has been given many management-issued reprimands for poor performance and group work lethargy. In many instances, conflict between the coworker and others in the work environment has occurred, leading to further chastisement. The line manager understands that this problem worker continues to refuse to cooperate and generate high quality outputs, common knowledge for all parties. The coworker knows that her job could be at risk if there are further instances of negative social encounters, knowledge shared by the line manager. Further, the problem worker has also been denied a merit pay increase for awful job role performance, a situation which leaked at the proverbial water cooler. Hence, it is common knowledge that this is the only individual denied a performance bonus, strengthening the significant anticipation that the day of her termination nears swiftly. It is also known by both parties that all disciplinary warnings, lack of bonus achievement, and continual management chastisement and private discussion still does not motivate or build incentive for cooperative behaviors with this employee. Her work output is still at very inferior levels, a situation understood by all parties that will participate in the negotiation. It is also common knowledge that the problematic coworker uses regular psychological defense mechanisms when she is confronted by others for her behavior and inappropriate social attitude. She manifests paranoia through the defense mechanism of projection, attributing behaviors that she refuses to publicly acknowledge onto others. For instance, when it is implied that she is lazy, she instantly defends herself by iterating that it is her peers who are lazy and comes up with wild and delusional

Nottingham City of Booze Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Nottingham City of Booze - Essay Example The various aspects of Nottingham as one of the major cities in UK are reviewed in this paper. Emphasis is given on the city’s culture and heritage as they affect the city’s image as an important tourist destination. It is proved that Nottingham, as a city, has many potentials for the further growth, especially due to its council’s efforts to control important social problems, such as binge drinking, but also due to the efforts of the British government to support the growth of all cities across Britain so that they will be able to respond to the demands of the 2012 Olympics. Exploring culture and the city The performance of cities in terms of culture is judged using various criteria; usually, the range and the variety of cultural events organized across a city are used for evaluating the cultural growth of the city since its establishment (Ashworth and Tunbridge 2000). In Nottingham, culture has a key role in social life. In this context, an Institute of Cultura l Analysis has been established in the Nottingham Trent University. The above institute aims to highlight that in the current century, the daily life of people is influenced by new trends, such as ‘globalization, the conflict between cultural identities and the interaction between media and economy’ (Nottingham Trent University 2012). ... Residents and visitors can visit the ‘Museum of Nottingham Life at Brewhouse Yard’ (Nottingham City 2012, Figure 1), which offers valuable information on the daily life of the city’s residents in the 17th century. In fact, museums and galleries are highly promoted in Nottingham, aiming to show the development of the city’s culture and ethics through the centuries. The city council also emphasizes on the importance of information for understanding not only the city’s history or its prospects in the future but also the role of sciences in the development of daily human activities. For this reason, a wide network of libraries, about 17, has been developed across Nottingham for supporting the research needs of citizens, professionals or academics. Open spaces in Nottingham are also highly valued; these spaces are offered for walk or for outdoor sport activities, which are supported by the city’s council (Nottingham City 2012). The most important c haracteristic of Nottingham as a centre of culture seems to be its emphasis on festival and other cultural events; these events, which are indicatively presented in the section that follow, have highly contributed in the improvement of the city’s image as a popular tourist destination. Festivals and tourism Festivals are often used for improving the position of a city or a region as a tourist destination (Seal 2011). In Nottingham, a series of cultural events has been arranged for celebrating the 2012 Olympics; these events cover the period from March to December 2012 and incorporate a wide range of activities, such as displays in the city’s Central Library for highlighting the

Commercial Landlord and Tenant Law Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Commercial Landlord and Tenant Law - Term Paper Example He says that if Mr Jagger wants to take the room the shortest term he will agree is one year, and he requires Mr Jagger to sign an agreement (which he produces and gives to Mr Jagger). Mr Jagger likes the room, and says he's 'happy with a one-year deal', but also says he wants to look at the form of agreement and possibly take advice on it before signing it, but he does need to move in immediately. He offers Mr Richards a month rent 'upfront'. Mr Richards accepts this, and allows Jagger to move in immediately. He says, however, that Jagger's occupation will be on the terms of 'that agreement in your hand unless we agree something different', and they agree that in due course they will formalise the arrangement by signing an appropriate document. Mr Jagger looks at the agreement. It is headed 'Licence', indicates a 'licence period' of one year, a weekly licence fee of 75 and states (amongst other things) that Mr Richards is at liberty to require Mr Jagger to share the room with any third party whom Mr Richards wishes to put into occupation. Explain, by full reference to the background law, the status of the interest (if any) which Mr Jagger has in the room in Mr Richards' house and how such interest came to be (or failed to be) created and whether, in consequence, it is open to Mr Jagger to leave without further liability either immediately or at some point prior to the expiry of a year after he moved in. Answer In regards to common law, the licence is not legally binding because Mr Jagger did not sign it. Mr Jagger holds a licence to use the assigned room in Mr Richards home. A licence is only a personal permission, not transferable and is not binding. If Mr. Jaggar would be a tenant, he could have a legal estate which can be inherited or transferred, and is binding on third parties. A tenancy will have a great deal of statutory protection, particularly relating to security of tenure; a licence can be terminated easily (subject to any contractual agreement) and even the residential licensee has only minimal statutory protection under the Protection from Eviction Act 1977, not amounting to security of tenure. Mr Jagger's interest came to be when he and Mr Richards verbally agreed to a "one year deal". A licence is merely permission to use the premise it is not a lease. If no contract were created at all, it would still be considered a licence because the grantor obtains the right to use the entire premise. The giving and accepting of rent does not define a tenancy. Since this is only a licence to use the premise Mr Jagger has no further obligation to Mr Richards. If it is a tenancy it would be created formally by deed (unless within the exceptions under Law of Property Act 1925 S.54). If

Financial Group Work 1 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Financial Group Work 1 - Coursework Example Venture capital is very significant in job creation and also as an innovation tool within geographical area or an economic sector. Before 1985, China had no venture capital activities on board, but in the following years it succeeded in fostering a venture capital industry through government funded initiatives. Due to China’s ambitions to cultivate a more innovative economy, China’s State Science and Technology Commission in 1985 developed the China New Technology Venture Capital Investment Corporation (CNTVI) which was the first VC firm to operate in China. Although investment activities geared up in 1990’s, in 1980’s several other government funded VC firms had joined the market (Zhang 35). Tax benefits were put in place (early 1990’s) to incentivize investment in VC in young Small to Medium sized Enterprises (SME’s). By creating state operated and funded VC firms, several provinces started to participate in VC markets (by early 1990’s). There was a major shift in VC policy in 1998 after CNTVI was shut down because it failed to commercialize development and research projects and was replaced by the Innovation Fund for Small and Medium Technology-based Enterprises (Innofund) which was one of the first hybrid VC funds. Though Innofund had no much impact, it led to the rise of additional hybrid VC in the following years (Zhang 76). By the start of mid-2000’s, increased VC market participation among several other implemented policies like encouraging foreign investment and diversifying VC sources were very successful. In 2010 total VC investment was 30 times greater than that of 1999 (Zhang 154). Some of the current Chinese economic policies include; In the late 1980s, the first generation of VC began its operations and the movement gained momentum in 1990s. As the number of start-up companies expanded, the international

The Patriot Act Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Patriot Act - Research Paper Example Provisions of the Act violate the Constitution and tear down the freedoms for which true patriots have fought and died. This discussion will review provide a brief history pertaining to the subject, analyze the debate surrounding the topic and consequences of the Act then offer a concluding statement. History The PATRIOT Act was enacted in response to the 9/11 attacks and as a tool against terrorist threats. The right wing has actively advocated subverting the rights contained in no less than five of the first ten amendments (the Bill of Rights) to, as they claim, ‘protect’ citizens from terrorism. The name itself, the PATRIOT Act is an acronym for Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism. The label for this law was cleverly designed and packaged to enlist broad support from a nation that is generally vulnerable to patriotic propaganda but even more so at the time that it was so swiftly enacted. Citizen s and legislators were all too eager to submit to the rhetoric that suggested that sacrificing a certain amount of freedom was a small price to pay for security. Most Congressmen admit to not have reading the Act before voting to pass it but those voting in favor were overwhelming. Only one of 99 Senators (Wisconsin Senator Russ Feingold) and 66 of 423 Representatives voted against the law. The PATRIOT Act, as many citizens and legal experts alike have argued, violates the fundamental rights guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution’s first ten amendments, the Bill of Rights (Savage, 2006). This includes the freedom of speech and assembly (First Amendment); the freedom from unreasonable search and seizure (Fourth Amendment); the right to due process of law (Fifth Amendment); the right to a speedy, public and fair trial along with the right to counsel and to confront the accuser, (Sixth Amendment), the freedom from cruel and unusual punishment (Eighth Amendment) and freedom from pun ishment without conviction (13th Amendment). In March of 2010 President Obama signed a one-year extension of three parts of the USA Patriot Act without any amendments, additions or new limitations on measures he said were essential to safeguard American civil liberties. â€Å"The provisions allow the government, with permission from a special court, to obtain roving wiretaps over multiple communication devices, seize suspects’ records without their knowledge, and conduct surveillance of a so-called ‘lone wolf,’ or someone deemed suspicious but without any known ties to an organized terrorist group.† i Analysis Libertarian organizations such as the Civil Liberties Union claim that the Bush administration had a proclivity for secrecy and rejected the concept of transparency. The PATRIOT Act has reproved its agenda for the â€Å"outright removal of checks and balances.† ii Conservatives are alarmed as well including former Republican Representative Bob Barr, who is best known for leading the attempt to impeach President Clinton. Barr had led a group named â€Å"Patriots to Restore Checks and Balances† which focused solely on challenging the renewal of the Patriot Act in 2004. iii This multifaceted PATRIOT Act modified numerous laws including the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act, Right to Financial Privacy Act, Fair Credit Reporting Act and Immigration and Nationality Act among many others. iv According to the Justice Department, the PATRIOT Act gives support to and

Supreme Court Justices (Government 2) Research Paper

Supreme Court Justices (Government 2) - Research Paper Example Both men are on the conservative wing of the court and have held their position there for many years. Both are remarkably intelligent men who have also been lightning rods for political controversy. Antonin Scalia is a Reagan appointee and has sat on the Court since 1986 and is the senior associate judge. He still has many years of service left. He is known for his sarcastic wit and sharp tongue, as well as for his hard-headedness. He is known for his dissenting opinions. A dissenting opinion disagrees with the majority opinion and is issued separately, often attacking the reasoning of the judges who sided with the majority. As one critic observes: His writing style is best described as equal parts anger, confidence, and pageantry. Scalia has a taste for garish analogies and offbeat allusions—often very funny ones—and he speaks in no uncertain terms. He is highly accessible and tries not to get bogged down in abstruse legal jargon. But most of all, Scalia's opinions rea d like they're about to catch fire for pure outrage. He does not, in short, write like a happy man (Clarke). Nevertheless, Scalia knows what he believes. In the end, he is not interested in the government forcing people to act in certain ways. Although he is a pro-life Catholic, in 1992 in a case about funding for Planned Parenthood, Scalia has this to say about the legality of abortion: â€Å"The States may, if they wish, permit abortion on demand, but the Constitution does not require them to do so. The permissibility of abortion, and the limitations upon it, are to be resolved like most important questions in our democracy: by citizens trying to persuade one another and then voting.† Another famous ruling by Scalia came in Grutter v. Bollinger in 2003. This was a case about affirmative action. The court ruled that the University of Michigan should permit affirmative action in order to create a more diverse, harmonious school. Scalia, in a dissent, said he found this ridicu lous. These were ideals that the government should not legislate but are taught by general practice. Respect for others was something that â€Å"is a lesson of life rather than law—essentially the same lesson taught to (or rather learned by, for it cannot be 'taught' in the usual sense) people three feet shorter and twenty years younger than the full-grown adults at the University of Michigan Law School, in institutions ranging from Boy Scout troops to public-school kindergartens.† Both of these cases show that Scalia is a man of principle. He is not willing to sell his ideals down the river. He understands that even thought the constitution may be a document written many years ago, a living tree is just as likely to rot as it is to grow. Clarence Thomas was appointed by President George H.W. Bush. He has many years of service ahead of him. He is originally from a poor family in Georgia. He is only the second African-American to sit on the Supreme Court, after Thurgood Marshall. He is known for his quiet and serious demeanour on the bench. The issue of his appointment was one of the most scrutinized and divisive issues in politics in America in the 1990s. During his confirmation hearings in the Senate, a woman named Anita Hill came forward to say she has been sexually harassed by Thomas. Thomas denied this. Thomas' response to the allegations was truly memorable. Faced with a huge circus around unproven allegations, he told the Senate, â€Å"This is not an opportunity to talk about difficult matters privately or in a closed

Homosexual Marriage Needs to Be Legalized Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Homosexual Marriage Needs to Be Legalized - Essay Example This would never have happened if Charlene and Kate were allowed to legally marry. Today, gay marriage is illegal in most states in America, and this is unconstitutional, as it is violating a fundamental right, which is marriage. The most egregious thing about the issue of denying gay marriage is that there really is not a legitimate argument put forth by the other side which would substantiate keeping an entire class of people from enjoying basic rights. For instance, consider the â€Å"slippery slope† argument. This argument states that if homosexuals were allowed to marry, then the legislatures would have to legalize marriage between man and dog, man and daughter, man and 12-year-old boy. This argument does not hold water for two major reasons – one, marriage between two homosexuals is sanctifying a consensual relationship, and all the other scenarios above would not be. And, two, perhaps most importantly, pedophilia, incest and bestiality are all illegal, probably in all fifty states. Homosexual relationships, on the other hand, are not, and cannot be due to the case of Lawrence v. Texas, a 2003 Supreme Court case which established that sodomy laws are unconstitutional. Therein lies a diffe rence – legislatures cannot be pressured to legalize marriage based upon relationships which are illegal, such as pedophilia, incest and bestiality, therefore the slippery slope argument is not legitimate. Another argument is that marriage is based upon procreation, and, since homosexuals cannot procreate, they should be denied the right to marry. This argument cannot be logically consistent, because, if the argument were to carried out to its logical conclusion, anybody and everybody who would be unable or unwilling to have children would also be denied the right to marry. Your grandmother in the nursing home who met her soul mate at the age of 86? Sorry, grandma, you can't marry because you can't have children anymore. Your sister who had ovarian cancer and had to have a hysterectomy? Sorry, sis, you can't marry either, because you are unable to have children. This is the logical extension of the ?ays can't marry because they cannot procreate argument,one that the supporter s of this argument must adopt if they are to be logically consistent. Of course, the other major argument is that homosexuality is proscribed by the Bible, but this is not a justification for denying a constitutional right. Roe v. Wade4 established this, as it states that morality is not a legitimate concern upon which to base a law that affects one's fundamental rights. And besides, if legislatures are going to start basing their laws on Biblical proscriptions, then they are going to have to outlaw drinking and getting rowdy at Sunday football games, as this would be desecrating the Sabbath, and this is an offense punishable by death according to Exodus 31:14.5 As for the argument that allowing homosexuals to marry would undermine the sanctity of marriage exhibit A to refute this argument would be Kim Kardashian. If her sham of a marriage, 72 days long, is not undermining the sanctity of the institution of marriage, then what is? Of course, it would be unfair to single her out, as there have been countless celebrities whose marriages lasted well short of a year. Not to mention Elizabeth Taylor, who was married eight times. These are just celebrities there are countless people who are not famous who are in the same predicament. Who doesn't have an uncle with five ex-wives? In short, heterosexuals

International Business Essay Example for Free

International Business Essay The social and economic catastrophe was one of the worst problems after World War I and lasted through the 20th century. The Battle of Ideas, was a battle between the power of government and the forces of the marketplace. For over half of a century, the world was moving toward a government control from a communist world to a mixed economy. In the 1980s the old policies of these economies began to fail dramatically, and two economist were battling the ideas of what they thought will work better for our geopolitical landscape. John Maynard Keynes was from Britain and believed his revolutionary theories on unemployment and recession was going to help government take a lot more control over their economy. Friedrich von Hayek was an Australian and advocated for a free-market capitalism. Ludwig von Mises was an economist that predicted that new Soviet socialist economy would never work, because the government controlled wages and prices. These prices are the very heart or centerpiece in which is what makes the economy work, without these set standards our economy would be in chaos. This is one of the effect that has been on our geopolitical landscape. Like suggested in the video â€Å"with our traffic signals the street will be in chaos.† That is the same with our economy if we do not have a centerpiece, guidelines or standards this can cause a chain reaction not just in one economy but all over the world. There is a lot of connection to Globalization in these videos. The world was moving from a communist economy to a mixed economy. In the videos it talks about The World Bank Group and The International Monetary Fund, both of these play a huge role in Globalization and are global institutions. Some of the supporting factors of Globalization in the video were as follows, technologies changed played a big part in the changing economy. Better telecommunication factors helped people communicate quicker and help people get the important information that was needed. This is very important because the faster they can communicate the quicker everyone is on the same page and know what is going on in the economies. In the video they also talked a lot about political economy, political systems such as a democracy and totalitarianism. They also were also showing the differences between market, command, and mixed economies. I also saw connection between legal systems such as common law, and civic law. The regulations and standards they try to set to create less chaos were some examples of the legal systems. These systems helped get the economy back on its feet. Cultural and society plays a big role in connection to these videos. I do believe what John Maynard Keynes theory was suggestion. If the people were not afraid to spend some money and go out and purchase items, this will help the economy get its feet back up like they did after â€Å"The Great Depression.† I also think this depends on this theory because not everyone has money to spend, or savings to use. I think the government needs to have set standards to help create jobs and help create an income for the people.

Art Renaissance Essay Example for Free

Art Renaissance Essay How is Corbet’s Burial at Ornans an assault on bourgeois values? -He painted a scene that would normally be reserved for something religious and was highly controversial during the time. He took a step that went against the bourgeois values by not caring about the class definitions that were socially acceptable. He painted something that he â€Å"shouldn’t† have, but it brought him instant fame. 2. How do Japanese prints influence the works of Degas? Degas was influenced by Japanese prints in composition and line. He did not paint women in kimonos in his art. Rather than painting Japanese subjects like his fellow artists he took on Japanese techniques and qualities. 3. What are the impressionists concerned with depicting? Include an example to support this. Impressionists are concerned with capturing a sense of immediacy in their artwork. Their works are assymetrically balanced. The subject matter is often casual and more everyday life pictures and scenes. William Chadwick shows the play of light and shade on the Griswold side porch On the Piazza. The impressionists unlike other types of artists do not mix their paint colors. They generally use the pure colors to capture their work. Their use of color is also seen in how they depict shadows. Unlike previous artists who used neutral or darker shades like black to paint a shadow, Impressionists used color to show shadows. 4. Who are the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood? The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was a reform movement founded in 1849 by several men to revitalize the arts. They wanted to bring back more classical poses as opposed to the art of their time that was by the Mannerists. They believed Raphael was a corruption to art and the way it was taught. Thus their name of Pre-Raphaelite. 5. What are the aspects used by Cezanne to create Mont Sainte-Victoire? How is this work similar to Impressionism? -He used bright colors and broken brushwork in his painting, not using much definition either. His painting was of modern every day objects, which greatly affects impressionism. It is a little different though than impressionism. Instead of capturing one specific piece of nature and movement, he tries to encompass it as a whole. It is very impressionistic while at the same time different. 6. How does the Tassel House Stairwell show the Art Nouveau organic style? Art Nouveau is often free flowing and organic. The decoration and architecture takes a new look at classic historical styles. The stairwell is softer in appearance and curves more free flowing than classical straight stairwells. Some say it seems to float as it ascends through the middle of the house. The Tassel House was the first architectural structure done in the Art Nouveau style. 7. What is the pictorialist aesthetic? A group of photographers in the late 19th century and early 20th century who wanted to make their works different from other less experienced photographers. They would manipulate the picture they took and therefore created an image rather than just capturing a moment. They made their photographs their own and gave rise to more aesthetic photos. They wanted photography to be more than just taking pictures of subjects they wanted to show it was a real form of art. Sometimes they would scratch negatives or brush them with a soft brush to blur part of the photo making it more interesting.

Equilibrium Le Chateliers principle

Equilibrium Le Chateliers principle Introduction: Equilibrium is defined as the point at which the forward and reverse rates of a reaction are equal (1). A system in dynamic equilibrium is a specific example of a system in a steady state. In this steady state the rate of inputs and outputs in the system is equal, so the makeup of the system is unchanged over time (3). Le Chateliers principle can be used to predict how a change in conditions will affect chemical equilibrium. This principle states that if a chemical system at equilibrium goes through a change in concentration, temperature, volume, or pressure, than the equilibrium shifts to offset the change; furthermore, any change in these areas initiates an opposite reaction in the affected system (2). This principle is used to influence the results of reversible reactions (1). Once a reaction has reached equilibrium, the equilibrium concentrations of each reactant and product are known, one can use an equation to determine the equilibrium constant (3). The constant always has the same value as long as the temperature remains constant (2). The equation used to determine this constant is defined as the concentration of the products (to the power of the stochiometric coefficients) over the concentration of the products also to the power of the stoichiometric coefficients (3). Once you know to what side of the reaction equilibrium shifts to you can determine the dominant species or coordination compound. A coordination compound is defined as a compound that contains a coordination complex, which is a structure made up of a central atom bonded to a surrounding assortment of molecules or ligands (1). Coordination is a reference to the coordinate covalent bonds between the ligands and the central atom (1). These bonds occur through the donating or accepting of electron pairs. Groups donating electron pairs are the ligands (Lewis bases) while groups accepting pairs are usually transition metal cations (1). The purpose of this lab is to learn how to apply this background information to better understand how changes in equilibrium mixture are affected by artificially applied changes. Once the changes are applied predictions are made for shifts in equilibrium. Students will carry out the experiment and determine what side equilibrium actually shifts to. This determination, through the use of Le Chatleliers principle, will then be used to determine which is the dominant species, or coordination complex in each reaction. Procedure: Throughout the experiment the color and observations were continuously made. The cobalt (II) complexes were prepared by adding 3 mL of deionized water to the solid CoClv(2)†¢6Hv(2)O. In another test tube 3 mL of 12 M HCl was added to the solid CoClv(2)†¢6Hv(2)O. 0.309 g of CuClv(2)†¢2Hv(2)O was dissolved in a small beaker and the color was recorded; 10 mL of deionized water Next, the solution was evenly poured into three test tubes. In the hood, 4 mL of 6 M NHv(3) was added dropwise to the first test tube until the solution became clear to form [Cuv(9)NHv(3))4(Hv(2)O)v(2)] ²+. In the second test tube, 10 drops of NaOH was added and observations were recorded to form Cu(OH)v(2). We measured 5 mL of 6 M HCl and added it to the third test tube to form [CoCl4] ². 15 mL of a 0.1 M solution of CoClv(2)†¢6Hv(2)O was placed in a small beaker. Using a pipet, 2.0 mL of the solution was poured into each of the five labeled test tubes. Test tube #1 was set aside and used as a control. Set up separate charts for the addition of reagents (HCl, NaCl, and HNOv(3)), addition of water to test tube #3, heating to 100 ?C test tube #2-5, and cooling to 0 ?C test tube #2-5. Each chart should contain a prediction, observations, and predominant complex column. 0.3 g of CuClv(2)†¢2Hv(2)O was placed in an 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask and dissolved by 3mL of deionized water; observations were made. A chart was set up for the addition dropwise of NHv(3) (45 drops), HCl, and H2O to a flask and observations were recorded. Half of the solution was poured into a beaker. One was heated; the other was cooled, and compared. The heat was turned up high to boil the solution and observations were made. Discussion: This experiment related Le Chateliers Principle to shifting equilibrium. There is a large effect on the position of equilibrium by the addition of a species which participates this equilibrium. When a species is added that reacts and forms a predominant complex the equilibrium will shift to keep everything equal. An example of this is when HCl is added to the cobalt complex. The shifting of equilibrium can be seen when the solution starts out at pink color and when HCl is added it changes color to blue. The predominant complex is Cobalt Chloride. Water was added the above solution and the complex turned back to pink. The predominant complex turned from cobalt chloride to [Co(H2O)6]2+. Water is not directly participating in equilibrium but it still reacts with species in the solution and therefore indirectly causes a shift in equilibrium. Water is a solvent and any solvent does not appear in the equilibrium equation although it will still have an effect of equilibrium. This effect is the same as mentioned before in the idea that the solvent could react with a species in the solution and cause an inequality in equilibrium therefore causing a shift. Science Encyclopedia database. http://science.jrank.org/pages/1771/Coordination Compound.html. (Accessed November 1, 2009) Clackamus Community College database. http://dl.clackamas.edu/ch105-03/dynamic.htm (Accessed November 1, 2009) Chemguide database. http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/equilibria/lechatelier.html

Analysis of the Starbucks Corporation Essay -- Business Management Sta

Analysis of the Starbucks Corporation History Of Starbucks Gordon Bowker, Jerry Baldwin and Ziv Siegl founded Starbucks in 1971. Their goal was to sell the finest quality whole beans and ground coffees (Starbucks timeline and history, 2004). In 1982, Starbucks had grown to five stores and started serving coffee to restaurants and espresso bars. Harold Schultz was employed as the director of retail operations and marketing. Harold Schultz convinced the founders of Starbucks to open a downtown Seattle coffee bar, which opened in 1984. With the success of Seattle coffee bar, Schultz left Starbucks to start his own company named Il Giornale. In 1987, Il Giornale acquired Starbucks retail operations for 4 million dollars. In addition, Il Giornale changed its name to Starbucks Corporation and opened locations in Chicago and Vancouver, B.C. (Starbucks timeline and history, 2004). Starbucks continued its expansion throughout the late 1980 and beyond. In 1991, Starbucks became the first privately owned U.S. Corporation to offer stock options to part time employees (Starbucks timeline and history, 2004). In the early 1990s Starbucks started setting up coffee shops in Nordstrom ¡Ã‚ ¦s department stores, Barnes & Noble bookstores and ITT/Sheraton hotels. In 1995, the corporation began selling compact discs and formed an alliance with the Canadian bookstore, Chapters Inc. In 2000, Schultz promoted Orin Smith to the position of CEO. Schultz remained chairman for the corporation. This allowed Schultz to focus on Starbucks ¡Ã‚ ¦ global strategy. Starbucks operates and licenses more the 7,500 coffee shops in more than 30 countries. Coffee Industry In the United States, coffee is the second largest import (Roosevelt, 2004). Furthermore, the United States, consumes one-fifth of all the worlds ¡Ã‚ ¦ coffee (Global Exchange, 2004). The present industry is expanding. It is estimated that North America ¡Ã‚ ¦s sector will reach saturation levels within 5 year (Datamonitor. n.d.). According to National Coffee Association (NCA), 8 out of 10 Americans consume coffee. In addition, it is estimated that half of the American population drinks coffee daily. The international market remains highly competitive. It is estimated that 3,300 cups of coffee are consumed every second of the day worldwide (Ecomall, n.d.). The latest trends included dual drinkers, an increase in senior citizens... ...ll us how we are doing. We appreciate your business and want to make sure we meet your expectations. Attached you will find a coupon good for 1 free coffee. Thanks again, for your time and patronage. How often do you visit Starbucks? DAILY ONCE/WEEK OR MORE 2 TO 3 TIMES A MONTH ONCE/MONTH EVERY 2-3 MONTHS 2-3 TIMES A YEAR OR LESS Overall, how satisfied are you , with [PRODUCT/SERVICE]? Please answer using the rating scale where (5) means "extremely satisfied" and (1) means "very unsatisfied." VERY UNSATISFIED UNSATISFIED SOMEWHAT SATISFIED VERY SATISFIED EXTREMELY SATISFIED How likely are you to use/purchase [PRODUCT/SERVICE] again? DEFINITELY PROBABLY MIGHT OR MIGHT NOT PROBABLY NOT DEFINITELY NOT NEVER USED Would you recommend [PRODUCT OR SERVICE] to others? DEFINITELY PROBABLY MIGHT OR MIGHT NOT PROBABLY NOT DEFINITELY NOT NEVER USED   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What recommendations would you offer for improving [PRODUCT/SERVICE]? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

Good Sites For King Arthur :: Web Internet Essays

Good Sites For King Arthur The key to finding useful information on the Web is to know which websites are the most useful and informative. The best services that offer information on the King Arthur legends are "King Arthur" at http://www.britannia.com/history/h12.html, "Explorations in the History and Legends of Arthur" at http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/4186/Arthur/htmlpages/kingartur.html , and "The Camelot Project" at http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/cphome.stm. These websites are among the best. They offer biographies on the Arthurian characters, full texts on some of the legends and information analyzing the characters of Arthur from historical and legendary points of view. The "King Arthur" page at http:// www.britannia.com/history/h12.html, is a good source to discover some truths about Arthur and his existence. The site asks: was Arthur a king, a general or just a myth? In addition to historical information about the fifth century, the site includes, in the Arthurian chronology, information about the legends of Arthur that has developed in literature that has been written through the years. It also includes biographies of characters in the Arthurian legends. In addition, this site offers links to outside sources about King Arthur and his legends. One such link is the "Explorations in the History and Legends of Arthur" at http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/4186/Arthur/htmlpages/kingarthur.html, which is one of the best sources on Arthur because it explores both the popular and scholarly conceptions of King Arthur and his legends. For example, it answers frequently asked questions in historical and legendary contexts. Some of the questions that is asks are: was Guinevere really an adulteress? Was Excalibur, a sword, really in the stone? Was Gawain a great knight or a royal pain? It is very informative about Sir Gawain and the Green Knight offering a full text and a character analysis of Gawain. Lastly, it offers biographies on every single character in the Arthurian history and legends under the links called â€Å"The People of the History† and â€Å"The People of the Legends.† Another source of exceptional information about Arthurian Legends is "The Camelot Project" at http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/cphome.stm, which is a comprehensive reference site offering original texts, images, bibliographies and basic information. The Main Menu lists Arthurian characters, symbols, and sites. Students may move from any of the highlighted elements to a sub-menu of basic information, complete texts, images, and a bibliography about that subject. For example, choosing the highlighted word â€Å"Gawain† will lead the viewer to a list of texts written about Sir Gawain such as: "The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnelle," Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, and many more.

Symbollism in Goodman Brown Essay -- Essays Papers

Symbollism in Goodman Brown The Symbolism in Nathan Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown" begins before the story starts. The first sign of symbolism is in the title of the story. The word "young" is used in saying that Mr. Brown is young in his marriage and in his maturity. The next word "Goodman" was a term used in Hawthorne's day as a man under a gentleman. This fits Mr. Brown because he is no one special, only to his friends and family. Symbolism is strewn throughout the story in what seems like every word. In the beginning of the story, the phrase "Faith, as the wife was so aptly named" shows that the word "Faith" is not only his wife's name, rather it is also the "Faith" one must have to believe in religion. Mr. Brown's faith is tested in this story to determine wether or not he is good or evil. Secondly, when he is leaving and his wife is begging that he stay. This is awful close the situation later in the story where his mothers ghost is trying to hold him back. Yet, Mr. Brown tells his wife that "My journey, as thoust call it, forth and back again must be done ‘twixt now and sunrise." Taking a journey as she calls it like his father and his grandfather had when they were young. Once again, later in the story when his mother tells him to stay back, the ghost of his father is the one who tells him to go on. When Mr. Brown enters the forest he says that "There may be a devilish Indian behind every tree" (which will be discussed later) and "W...

Economic Report

In economics, we need to use terms a little more carefully than they are sometimes used in ordinary discussions. In general use, â€Å"Demand† is a word that can have more than one meaning, but in microeconomics we define it more carefully so that it has only one meaning. Here is the definition: Definition: Demand Demand is the relationship between price and quantity demanded for a particular good and service in particular circumstances. For each price the demand relationship tells the quantity the buyers want to buy at that corresponding price. The quantity the buyers want to buy at a particular price is called the Quantity Demanded. The key point is to distinguish between demand (the relationship) and quantity demanded. That distinction is important for microeconomics, although people often do not make it in ordinary discussion. Demand and Need To keep it simple, we may think of the buyers as consumers. (Later we will look at markets for inputs to production, in which the buyers are producers of other goods and services). Clearly, the buyers are the people who want or need the product or service — but there is more to it than that. The word â€Å"demand† refers to the willingness and ability of people to purchase the good or service in the market. The demand relationship expresses that willingness and ability for the whole range of prices. To say that a person has a demand for a particular product is to say that the person has money with which to buy and is willing to exchange the money for the good. People will not demand what they do not want or need, but a want or a need unbacked by purchasing power is not a demand. Similarly, it is not enough that the suppliers possess the good or (the capacity to perform) the service. Supply also means willingness to sell. Most of us have experience living in the market economic system, and that makes economics seem like a common-sense field — but sometimes that common-sense feel can be deceptive. People sometimes use the term â€Å"demand† ambiguously — as if â€Å"demand† were the same thing as need. But it is not. Need without purchasing power will not create effective demand in the marketplace. Economists sometimes stress this point by using the term â€Å"effective demand† in place of simple â€Å"demand.† As we have seen, economists think of the demand for a good or service as a relationship between the price of the good or service and the quantity demanded of that good or service. Common sense says that the relationship is an inverse one; that is, that an increase in price will result in a decrease in the quantity demanded. In this, common sense is absolutely right. The higher the price, the less quantity demanded, and conversely, the lower the price, the more quantity demanded. Many economics textbooks use examples based on hypothetical (made-up) numbers. There is nothing wrong with that and we shall use some of them later on. But why not use a real example? Several years ago, the author estimated the demand relationship for beer. Here is an example based on that estimate. The prices quoted are wholesale prices, in cents of 1972 purchasing power. Quantity demanded is measured in millions of gallons, for the United States as a whole.

Plastic money Essay

Primary objectives:- †¢To know the perception of people towards plastic money. Secondary objectives:- †¢To know the importance of plastic money in the daily life of consumers’ W.R.T credit and debit cards. see more:plastic money †¢To study the benefits of debit card and credit cards. †¢To find out the market leader among the various banks/companies issuing credit and debit cards †¢To know the problems faced by respondents using plastic money. †¢To study the satisfaction level of consumers towards plastic money. Need of the study:- It is rightly said the plastic money is need of hour. People are using these cards on a vast scale. But after considering the review of literature it is seen the whole payment process of processing these cards is not safe and customer are facing many problems relating to plastic money. That’s why study is focused on consumer perception regarding the plastic money. Need of the study is to get to know about the comparative analysis of plastic money. There are many ethical issues and challenges in the market of plastic money which is required to be studied. This study is concerned with the Seven perks of plastic money Convenience, Budgeting technology, Reputation boosting, Corporate might, Cops and robbers, the float, openness to negotiations. Term plastic money Definition: A slang phrase for credit cards, especially when such cards used to make purchases. The â€Å"plastic† portion of this term refers to the plastic construction of credit cards, as opposed to paper and metal of currency. The â€Å"money† portion is an erroneous reference to credit cards as a form of money, which they are not. Although credit cards do facilitate transactions, because they are a liability rather than an asset, they are not money and not part of the economy’s money supply. Plastic money is a term that is used predominantly in reference to the hard plastic cards we use everyday in place of actual bank notes. They can come in many different forms such as cash cards, credit cards, debit cards, pre-paid cash cards and store cards. Cash Cards – A card that will allow you to withdraw money directly from your bank via an Authorised Teller Machine (ATM) but it will not allow the holder to purchase anything directly with it. Credit Cards – Again this card will permit the card holder to withdraw cash from an ATM, and a credit card will allow the user to purchase goods and services directly, but unlike a Cash Card the money is basically a high interest loan to the card holder, although the card holder can avoid any interest charges by paying the balance off in full each month. Debit Cards – This type of card will directly debit money from your bank account, and can directly be used to purchase goods and services. While there is no official credit facility with debit cards per se, as it is linked to the bank account the limit is the limit of what is in the account, for instance if an overdraft facility is available then the limit will be the extent of the overdraft. Pre-paid Cash Cards – As the name suggests the user will add credit to the card themselves, and will not exceed that amount. These are usually re-useable in that they can be ‘topped up’ however some cards, usually marketed as Gift Cards are not re-useable and once the credit has been spent they are disposed of. Store Cards – These are similar in concept to the Credit Card model, in that the idea is to purchase something in store and be billed for it at the end of the month. These cards can be charged at a very high interest rate and can are limited in the places they can be used, sometimes as far as only the store brand that issued it.

Dietary Supplements and Muscle Growth

Dietary supplements or food supplements are an important source of nutrition which do not usually form an essential part of our daily food intake. They can be rightly termed as life-sustaining elements, for they are almost indispensable for a balanced health regime. Dietary supplements can offer significant health benefits. Broadly the dietary supplements are products that contain fatty acids or amino acids, vitamins, botanical plants, minerals, herbs, and other herbal extracts or a combination of any of these ingredients. These food supplements come in the forms of powder, capsules, pills or liquid.Some of the dietary supplements which are considered to be extremely beneficial for muscle growth are Weight Gainers, Creatine, Vitamin E, Protein powders, Vitamin C, and essential fatty acids. Our main focus here will be Proteins and Creatines. Protein: Derived from the Greek work proteios, meaning first, Proteins are a group of organic compounds, forming an integral constituent of every living cell. The food which we consume contains proteins which are further broken down into amino acids by the digestive juices present in the stomach and intestine.The resulting amino acids can be reused by the body to maintain muscles, bones, body organs and blood. Forming an inherent component of skin, muscles, hair, ahrmones, cartilage, antibodies and enzymes, Proteins activate, regulate and defend the body chemistry. (Fillmore. 1999) Thus they serve as the essential life blood of a healthy structure and healthy system. The major kinds of proteins are Hemp seed, egg white, Soy protein, and Casein protein. Whey protein isolate is a catalytic protein to rev up the repair and growth of muscle tissues after an intense physical activity.Casey protein as compared to others of its kind is a slow acting protein which works best if taken while going to bed, supplying the body with an uninterrupted flow of amino acids for repair and during the sound sleep at night. (Driskell, 2000) Prote in Intake: The decisive factors for the ideal amount of protein intake are the total calorie consumption (particularly the consumption of sufficient fats and carbohydrates for energy), and the person’s fitness targets. The maximum amount of protein, processed for tissue building is approximately 0. 9 g protein per pound of body weight.  (Fillmore. 1999)No more protein can be stored in the body in anyway. The unprocessed or the remaining protein is either used for producing energy by converting to carbohydrates or stored as fat. Since protein-rich foods are more expensive as compared to carbohydrate-rich foods, eating lots of extra protein instead of adequate carbohydrates is not advisable. Side Effects: Just as excess of anything is not healthy; the same idea works in case of protein intake also. Excessive proteins can be detrimental to one’s health and physical performance in the following enumerated ways.†¢ Contrasting to the carbohydrates or fats, the breakdo wn of proteins into energy results in the production of nitrogen waste products, such as urea, ammonia, uric acid, etc. Excretion of these waste products by Kidneys is fundamental. Excessive production of urea can lead to exhausted and fatigued kidneys and they may start to fail. This is why some researchers advise that the protein consumption should be restricted to 1g/lb per day. (Driskell,2000) †¢ A lot of protein can lead to dehydration, for excessive water is required to excrete the excessive urea.†¢ Protein-rich food intake (especially from animal sources) paves the way to acid generation in the body. Consequently the bones start releasing calcium as a fender to the overmuch acid load. High calcium loss occurs, when finally both the acid and calcium get excreted in the urine. (Driskell,2000) †¢ Several animal proteins (such as whole fat milk, cheese, chicken with skin and red meat) are enriched with saturated fats, the absolute determinants of high blood cholest erol level as well as heart disease.Further more, many protein bars contain palm oil (another highly saturated ingredient) and hydrogenated vegetable oils (a source of Tran’s fat) which further increase the high cholesterol level and heart health risks. †¢ High protein intake may mean inadequate intake of carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are the only vital source of fuel during intensive anaerobic exercise (for e. g. weight training). Undue accumulation of protein is bound to deprive the muscles of all the carbohydrate, and thus the individual will not find himself capable of exhaustive training.Muscle growth will inevitably be affected. Creatine: Creatine is an organic acid, naturally present in the body, comprising of three amino acids: methionine, glycine and arginine, that is responsible for the provision of short energy bursts to muscle cells. Scientific studies have provided significant evidences that creatine tends to increase strength, energy and muscle mass. Even mo re, recent studies have shown that creatine accelerates brain function and beats down mental fatigue. Are Creatines Beneficial?Various researchers have found out enough supporting evidences for the beneficial functions of creatine, it carries out its function most effectively and that is to retain water in the muscles, so crucially needed for muscle growth. (Becque, 2000) When creatine phosphate is abundantly stored in the muscle, the muscle is likely to retain more water in its cells. The more hydrated a muscle is, the better will be the production of protein as well as its breakdown. The retention of water in the muscles is an indicator of its readiness for building new muscle. Hydrated muscle will even lead to enhanced level of Glycogen synthesis.Adequate protein synthesis along with effective training is bound to boost up muscle growth. However it should be remembered that increased muscle growth can only be attained by consuming creatine as well as working out. Side effects: â € ¢ Use of supplements may lessen the body’s own creatine synthesis; however has a reverse effect when its consumption is cut off. †¢ The personal experiences of some athletic trainers suggest that creatine users are often susceptible to muscle cramps, muscular spasms as well as pulled muscles. (possible reasons might be dehydration or over training)†¢ There is also a growing regarding kidney and liver damage as well as the risk of restraining body’s natural synthesis of protein. According to one case report, a healthy young man of around 20 years, developed severe nephritis (Kidney inflammation) after the consumption of 20 g of creatine every single day for four weeks. However the ideal recommended dosage of supplement is 20 g for 5 days, followed by the dosage of 3 g daily. People with inherited kidney disease, those with already existing kidney troubles and the other susceptible individuals (such as people with diabetes) should either curb or avoid creat ine supplements.  (Becque, 2000)Androstenedione: Androstenedione: also termed as â€Å"andro†, is a food supplement cited to pose substantial health risks, usually linked with steroids. Marketed mostly for athletes and body builders it has been advertised as an ultimate source to catalyze muscle growth and reduce fat. Among women users of this supplement, it increases the risk of breast cancer and endometrial cancer. Children as users of this supplement, suffer the risk of early puberty and premature stoppage of bone growth.In March 2004, 23 companies were requested by FDA to stop marketing and supplying androstenedione constituting dietary supplements. (U. S food and drug admin, 2004) Conclusion: Everyone has an inborn desire to look great and everyone wants an easy way out. As a matter of fact, there is no easy way out. There is no shortcut to achieve physical fitness, a sturdy and well proportioned body except salubrious nutrition and out-and-out hard work. Supplements w ork, but they cannot replace nutritious food and vigorous training. Eat well and work out, that’s the only way to attain your desired result.

Demonstrative Communication Paper

Andrea Dunn Individual Assignment week 2 BCOM/275 Version 1 Tim Wolfe October 30, 2011 Demonstrative communication dates way back before birth as well as before our parents were born and will continue to be of great importance throughout history this paper will attempt to explain how it involves both listening and responding, can be effective or ineffective, positive or negative for the sender and receiver. Non- verbal cues are used in everyday interactions and can often times speak louder than verbal communication. Think back to childhood how momma’s eye contact was understood nothing had to be said and what she wanted was done just by the look she gave. How about in school the raising of hands to answer a question/ask a question? teachers understand these gestures. The same is true in business managers and employees communicate frequently through expectations; for instance the time clock employees want to be paid so they punch the clock. Managers want to acknowledge punctual employees so they review time sheets generated from time clocks. In essence demonstrative communication is of great importance and is an essential part of communication. Listening to music can involve demonstrative communication the receiver (the listener) hears the music and responds to the sender by body motions such as dancing, bobbing of feet, snapping fingers, tapping feet and so forth these movements help the sender to understand that the music is being enjoyed. Let’s look at a lawyer by the name of Belli whom effectively used demonstrative communication by using visual aids and demonstrative materials in the court room. Consider this excerpt from Visual Materials with a point; Belli used scale models to check clearance distances on highway accidents, he even brought a patient who weighed four hundred pounds up to the second floor of a courtroom by means of an outdoor lift because he could not be brought in through a first floor entrance all in an effort to show by actual presence what he could not describe verbally. † (pg. 16). The forms of demonstrative communication/materials which Belli (the sender) used had a positive effect on the jurors (the receivers) because they were able to understand at a profound level. If not careful there are instances where the use of demonstrative communication can be ineffective. A commentary not dated gave some â€Å"practical tips and tactics for maximizing and leveraging demonstrative exhibits† let’s examine number 14 from the commentary it states; â€Å"Know your audience† Daniel & Lance (n. d). Having no prior knowledge of the audience you plan to address could prove to be ineffective. For instance the audience of a traffic police is all drivers including bicyclists. A non-verbal cue when interpreted correctly helps traffic to be directed smoothly avoiding accidents. The examples used throughout this paper are just a few instances to describe demonstrative communication. There are much more examples not shown here the point is what is understood physically (facial expressions, tone of voice, sense of touch, sense of smell, and body motions) don’t have to be said. Closing thoughts showing an awareness of non-verbal cues will have a winning effect with communication. Learn to pay attention to facial expressions it will give a better chance of figuring out the meaning behind the message the sender attempts to send through words. Your eye contact can help to gain trust; as not properly knowing when to use touch can cause barriers to trust. Demonstrative communication dates way back before birth as well as before our parents were born and will continue to be of great importance throughout history. Let’s put more thought into non-verbal cues to heighten understanding and cooperation amongst one another. Senders and receivers are in tuned with the communication process by â€Å"determining what they hope to achieve, Identifying the key points, considering the reaction, determining what channel to use, deliverance, ensure the message was received and understood, receive and interpret the response to the message, then decide f further communication is necessary† bcom275 r1 (2011). Communication is an essential part of life; knowledge of the correct use of demonstrative communication will go further than words could express and barriers will be lifted so listening and responding will no longer be a mystery and communication will be more effective and positive vs. ineffective and negative. References Bcom275_r1_the communication process Retrieved from OLS at Phoenix Daniel Wolfe and Lance, J. (n. d). Commentary: Tactics, ethical considerations in Leveraging demonstrations. Rhode Island Lawyers Weekly, Retrieved from Ebscohost Palzer, E. (1962). Visual Materials with a point. Today’s speech, 10(2), 15-27, Retrieved From Ebscohost Demonstrative Communication Paper Andrea Dunn Individual Assignment week 2 BCOM/275 Version 1 Tim Wolfe October 30, 2011 Demonstrative communication dates way back before birth as well as before our parents were born and will continue to be of great importance throughout history this paper will attempt to explain how it involves both listening and responding, can be effective or ineffective, positive or negative for the sender and receiver. Non- verbal cues are used in everyday interactions and can often times speak louder than verbal communication. Think back to childhood how momma’s eye contact was understood nothing had to be said and what she wanted was done just by the look she gave. How about in school the raising of hands to answer a question/ask a question? teachers understand these gestures. The same is true in business managers and employees communicate frequently through expectations; for instance the time clock employees want to be paid so they punch the clock. Managers want to acknowledge punctual employees so they review time sheets generated from time clocks. In essence demonstrative communication is of great importance and is an essential part of communication. Listening to music can involve demonstrative communication the receiver (the listener) hears the music and responds to the sender by body motions such as dancing, bobbing of feet, snapping fingers, tapping feet and so forth these movements help the sender to understand that the music is being enjoyed. Let’s look at a lawyer by the name of Belli whom effectively used demonstrative communication by using visual aids and demonstrative materials in the court room. Consider this excerpt from Visual Materials with a point; Belli used scale models to check clearance distances on highway accidents, he even brought a patient who weighed four hundred pounds up to the second floor of a courtroom by means of an outdoor lift because he could not be brought in through a first floor entrance all in an effort to show by actual presence what he could not describe verbally. † (pg. 16). The forms of demonstrative communication/materials which Belli (the sender) used had a positive effect on the jurors (the receivers) because they were able to understand at a profound level. If not careful there are instances where the use of demonstrative communication can be ineffective. A commentary not dated gave some â€Å"practical tips and tactics for maximizing and leveraging demonstrative exhibits† let’s examine number 14 from the commentary it states; â€Å"Know your audience† Daniel & Lance (n. d). Having no prior knowledge of the audience you plan to address could prove to be ineffective. For instance the audience of a traffic police is all drivers including bicyclists. A non-verbal cue when interpreted correctly helps traffic to be directed smoothly avoiding accidents. The examples used throughout this paper are just a few instances to describe demonstrative communication. There are much more examples not shown here the point is what is understood physically (facial expressions, tone of voice, sense of touch, sense of smell, and body motions) don’t have to be said. Closing thoughts showing an awareness of non-verbal cues will have a winning effect with communication. Learn to pay attention to facial expressions it will give a better chance of figuring out the meaning behind the message the sender attempts to send through words. Your eye contact can help to gain trust; as not properly knowing when to use touch can cause barriers to trust. Demonstrative communication dates way back before birth as well as before our parents were born and will continue to be of great importance throughout history. Let’s put more thought into non-verbal cues to heighten understanding and cooperation amongst one another. Senders and receivers are in tuned with the communication process by â€Å"determining what they hope to achieve, Identifying the key points, considering the reaction, determining what channel to use, deliverance, ensure the message was received and understood, receive and interpret the response to the message, then decide f further communication is necessary† bcom275 r1 (2011). Communication is an essential part of life; knowledge of the correct use of demonstrative communication will go further than words could express and barriers will be lifted so listening and responding will no longer be a mystery and communication will be more effective and positive vs. ineffective and negative. References Bcom275_r1_the communication process Retrieved from OLS at Phoenix Daniel Wolfe and Lance, J. (n. d). Commentary: Tactics, ethical considerations in Leveraging demonstrations. Rhode Island Lawyers Weekly, Retrieved from Ebscohost Palzer, E. (1962). Visual Materials with a point. Today’s speech, 10(2), 15-27, Retrieved From Ebscohost

Mobile Voting System Essay

The proper execution of democratic rights has become linked to the availability and reliable functioning of advanced information and communication technology (ICT). Countries all over the world are implementing computerized voting system for it has some striking advantages over traditional paper voting. Designing an air-tight and reliable computerized voting system is therefore a great task, in that, the system that must be developed must protect the privacy of the voters and electoral candidates, be easily understood and used by the entire voting populace – no matter who they are or where they come from. This project MOBILE VOTING SYSTEM is designed to allow users spontaneously vote on issues with any of the most widely used PDA technologies ( e.g. GSM, laptops, iPad, iPhone etc.) with ease and as much security as possible. Chapter One: Introduction Introduction Elections are understood to be the key of democracy all over the globe and voting is one of the electoral routes that ensure the continuity of democratic system in any civilization. Voting is a formalized way of allowing the general public or a group of people make their choice on administration matters in a free a fair manner. However, voters now lose confidence in the voting process due to fact that election rigging and riots is graduating and assuming a dangerous dimension. Most people now believe that even when they are given the chance to participate in the ongoing election process, their leaders will still be chosen through selection and not the results of the election, others concluded that paper ballots simply couldn’t be counted, even though businesses, banks, lottery systems, and other entities in our society count and deal with paper all the time. Times are changing. We now live in the Internet era, where decisions can be made quickly enough, and there is a perception that anyone who does not jump on the technology bandwagon is going to be left far behind. Businesses are moving online at astonishing speed. The growth of online interaction and presence can be witnessed by the exponential increase in the number of  people with home computers and Internet access. Despite the natural eagerness to treat our election process as the precious, delicate and fragile process that it is, the question of using the new advances in technology to improve our elections is natural. Adding mobility to the voting system (i.e. ability to vote anywhere at any time) is another added strategy to the growth of our voting system. Statistics has proven that more than  ¾ of the world’s population has at least one of the common PDAs. Ability to vote on phones will boost our voting system to a large extent. Statement of Problem There are various factors responsible for flaws in the traditional paper voting system. Chief among the factors include Incompetency on the part of the electoral commission to act as an umpire in the electoral process Do-or-Die syndrome of the contending parties to capture political power by all means Numerous incidence of violence/riots Hoarding of the electoral box by a contending party Low turnout of voters as compared to the number of registered voters; this issue could be attributed to the lack of mobility in the electoral process. Lack of trust in the electoral process by voters due to historical mishaps of insecurity. Objectives Any alternative to the traditional ballot box voting must not compromise the fundamental rights of citizens to express their free political will without any technological, psychological or any other restriction or bias. Mobile voting system provides the following set of objectives: To provide a security tight voting system. To provide a voting system that has compatibility with as many mobile PDAs as possible. To encourage participation in the balloting process by many voters who are currently discouraged by the time and inconvenience of having to attend at a physical location. Significance of the Problem Mobile voting system when implemented will be of great benefit to humanity since in one way or the other, democratic election is part of human lives. It would make obsolete the need for ballot boxes and papers, because the system would simulate these, it provides options to conduct voting in a centralized and decentralized manner, time management, reduced total cost of the election, ability to vote anywhere and anytime thereby increases the efficiency and effectiveness of the voting system. Though, the initial cost of developing Computerized Mobile Voting Systems would be high but the long run effects would be that election costs, processes and time would drastically reduce. In essence, the benefits from the implantation of this project can never be overemphasized. Chapter Two: Literature Review Introduction: This chapter includes a critical look at the existing research and case studies that have significance with this research project. It has been done by consulting other people’s work in order to understand and investigate the problem of the research project. In conducting literature review, scholarly articles, books and other sources relevant to a particular issue, area of research or theory has been surveyed. After reviewing all materials, a description, summary, and critical evaluation of each work is granted. The automation of business and governmental processes has long been a success story in many countries. As the use of mobile phones for voice and data communication increase, users continue to demand for more services to be offered by mobile phones due to the comfort they present. Recently a number of governments have employed e-voting systems in some of their elections and referendums using mostly computer terminals and a few with mobile voting systems. Theoretical background This project is a Web application to be developed with the major web technologies having: Database Design, Queries and Connectivity (PHP and My  SQL) User End Design (HTML, CSS, JAVASCRIPT) Server Testing (XAMP/WAMP SERVER) Testing (Internet Explorer, Chrome, Firefox) Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML) is the predominant markup language for web pages. It provides a means to describe the structure of text-based information in a document by denoting certain text as links, headings, paragraphs, lists, among others and to supplement that text with interactive forms, embedded images, and other objects. HTML is written in the form of tags, surrounded by angle brackets. The following is an example of an HTML code fragment that assign a title to this web application: Mobile Voting System  is the start tag. is the corresponding end tag and â€Å"Mobile Voting System† is the content of the element. Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) defines how HTML elements are to be displayed. It is a collection of styling rules. Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP ) is an open source server side programming language extensively used for web scripts. It is a popular server-side scripting language designed specifically for integration with HTML, and is used often in conjunction with MySQL in web applications. It is available on many platforms, including Windows, Linux and Mac OS. the following is an example of a php script that MySQL: an open source Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) that uses Structured Query Language (SQL), the most popular language for accessing, querying a database. Because it is open source, anyone can download MySQL and tailor it to their needs in accordance with general public license. WampServer/Apache Server : WampServer is a free server bundle that uses Apache server. When installed on the system, it includes Apache, MySQL, and PHP. Apache is a popular web server that many Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and individuals use to host web pages. I installed Apache as a web server on the system. Created web pages are stored in the system’s special  folder, www directory in the local disk, in order for pages to be viewed. Review of Related Literature Mobile voting combines technology with the democratic process, in order to make voting more efficient and convenient for voters. Mobile voting allows voters to either vote by computer and any Personal Digital Assistance (PDAs) either from their homes or at the polling station. Brazil is a world leader in electronic elections, having conducted them since 1990. The elections in October 1998, was one of the largest electronic elections in history, with over sixty million voters casting ballots by computer for local and national candidates. 57 percent of the voting population – voted electronically in elections for local, state and 30national offices.

Discuss the risks associated with the flow of water below dams and Essay

Discuss the risks associated with the flow of water below dams and define the critical hydraulic gradient - Essay Example When the downward force on such soil particles equals the upward force, the soil particles are at zero stress. This allows a free movement of dam subsurface soil particles which serves to enhance already existing seepage. The afore mentioned seepage leads in turn to the creation of channels that catalyze dam sub surface flows in a process known better as piping (Rogers, 2010). A number of different environmental failures have occurred on account of flows below dams that eventually lead to compromised embankments and a sudden discharge of water after dam failure. The sudden release of water from such dam failures tends to devastate the ecosystems downstream of the failed dam. A relevant concept in such failures is the critical hydraulic gradient () that allows a calculation of when piping failures are most likely. In itself, the critical hydraulic gradient depends on the composition of the dam sub surface soil, the available head at the dam’s bottom wall and the void ratio of the soil mass. The critical hydraulic gradient is seen as the hydraulic gradient that occurs when the vertical stress becomes zero (Vijayendra, 2012). Mathematically, the critical hydraulic gradient can be expressed as shown below (Vijayendra, 2012): As mentioned earlier, any loopholes in the calculation for the critical hydraulic gradient can mean the difference between dam failure and safe dam operation. There have been instances where dams have failed with only little warning due to the development of piping failures in the dam’s sub surface soil. It is worth mentioning here that such dam failures are often rapid and provide little warning before hand of impending doom. One such case in point is the Baldwin Hills Reservoir failure where the embankment failed only after 9 years of service. There were essentially no major warnings before the failure

Analysis of Digital Mapping Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Analysis of Digital Mapping - Assignment Example This method of cylindrical projection was invented in order to overcome the shortcomings of the Mercator projection method. the Peters Gall method was developed by German historian Dr. Arno Peters and British clergyman James Gall in 1973. This method was developed particularly in order to rectify the errors in area representation of countries. this method makes use of the equal-area map concept which shows areas more precisely. as compared to the Mercator projection, the area between the latitudes lines near the poles does not increase in the Peter gall projection method. this assists in decreasing the area distortion of the Mercator projection method. this projection method developed by Peter and gall received many recommendations from various organizations involved in the development of third world countries as it helped them inefficient resource allocation based on areas. however, in spite of its improvements as compared to the Mercator projection method, peter gall method also ha s significant drawbacks. the projection is unable to accurately show the shape of continents and the shapes of continents are distorted as longer or thinner in the peter gall projections. also, the peter gall projection method suffered from extreme distortions in the pole regions which was normal for any cylindrical projection method. as a result of these shortcomings, the method was not used widely in maps.   in equal in size to  Brazil, which  is 5 times larger than Alaska.      Peters Gall Projection This method of cylindrical projection was invented in order to overcome the shortcomings of the Mercator projection method. the Peters Gall method was developed by German historian Dr. Arno Peters and British clergyman James Gall in 1973. This method was developed particularly in order to rectify the errors in area representation of countries. this method makes use of the equal-area map concept which shows areas more precisely. as compared to the Mercator projection, the area between the latitudes lines near the poles does not increase in the Peter gall projection method.   this assists in decreasing the area distortion of the  Mercator  projection method. this projection method developed by Peter and gall received many recommendations from various  organizations  involved in the development of  third  world  countries as it helped them inefficient  resource alloca tion based on areas.  however,  in spite  of its improvements as compared to the  Mercator  projection method, peter gall method also has  significant  drawbacks.  Ã‚  

The Holocaust and the German People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Holocaust and the German People - Essay Example No one wants to believe or less admit that a civilized world would sit back and watch a Holocaust of such proportions and still do nothing. So many, even to this day, refuse to believe and continue to deny the facts; deny the truth and claim ignorance. The sad reality is the Holocaust did occur and sadder still is the fact that all saw what was happening and few had the courage to step forward and make any attempt to stop it or even say "This is wrong." "'The Holocaust' or 'Shoah' refers to the systematic annihilation of six million Jewish people by Germany's Nazi regime over the period January 30 1933 to May 8 1945." (Overview, undated) In examining the history of the world, there have always been instances of hate and persecution, not just against the Jewish people, but against many different groups of people. The Holocaust was, however, unique in that never before and never since had there been such a systematic attempt to anneliate an entire population of people by a sovereign nation. Although during the period the Jewish people were not the only group targeted for destruction by the Nazi regieme; the list also included "Gypsies, homosexuals, political dissidents and the intellectually and physically disabled" (Overview, undated); this period will always be remembered as the attempted decimation of the Jewish population. To fully examine what was known and understood by the German people during this period and in an attempt to understand how and why it occurred, we need to look to the past and first examine the era predating the Holocaust. Events do not occur independent of one another. Therefore, to see how this occurred, why it occurred, and why the German people and the world stood by, we first need to examine the culture of the period leading up to the Holocaust. Pre 1933 Jewish people have been living in Europe for over 2000 years. Throughout their history as a people, there had always been periods of persecution and hatred. "The place of Jews in the wider society of Europe had always been characterised as a kind of exile. Certainly Christian Europe saw the Jews in their midst as rebels against their 'true' religion, responsible for the death of Christ and generally as an evil presence." (Jewish Life, undated) There have been previous instances where the persecution of the Jewish people included being confined to ghettoes, wearing distinctive markings on their clothing and other forms of degradation commonly associated with the Holocaust; however, the scope and magnitude of that period had never come close in comparison. Prior to 1933, the Jewish people living in Germany had begun to feel increasingly that they were becoming a part of mainstream society. The post World War I era, saw a real integration of the Jewis